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= Echinopsis leucomalla (Wessner) Friedrich
Kakteen Sukk. 25(4): 82 (1974)
Accepted Scientific Name: Echinopsis aurea Britton & Rose
Cactaceae (Britton & Rose) 3: 74. 1922 [12 Oct 1922] Britton & Rose
Origin and Habitat: Catamarca and San Luis, Argentina
Altitude: About 700-1100 metres above sea level.
Synonyms:
- Echinopsis leucomalla (Wessner) Friedrich
- Echinopsis densispina f. leucomalla (Wessner) Buining
- Hymenorebutia leucomalla (Wessner) Buining
- Lobivia aurea var. leucomalla (Wessner) Rausch
- Lobivia densispina f. leucomalla (Wessner) Buining
- Lobivia famatimensis var. leucomalla (Wessner) Backeb.
- Lobivia leucomalla Wessner
- Lobivia leucomalla var. rubispina Wessner
- Lobivia shaferi subs. leucomalla (Wessner) E.Herzog
- Pseudoechinopsis aurea var. leucomalla (Wessner) W.R.Abraham
Echinopsis aurea Britton & Rose
Cactaceae (Britton & Rose) 3: 74. 1922 [12 Oct 1922]
Synonymy: 96
- Echinopsis aurea Britton & Rose
- Hymenorebutia aurea (Britton & Rose) F.Ritter
- Lobivia aurea (Britton & Rose) Backeb.
- Lobivia shaferi subs. aurea (Britton & Rose) E.Herzog
- Pseudoechinopsis aurea (Britton & Rose) W.R.Abraham
- Pseudolobivia aurea (Britton & Rose) Backeb.
- Salpingolobivia aurea (Britton & Rose) Y.Itô
- Echinopsis ancastii
- Echinopsis aurea var. albiflora (Rausch) J.Ullmann
- Echinopsis fallax var. albiflora (Rausch) J.G.Lamb.
- Lobivia aurea var. albiflora Rausch
- Lobivia shaferi var. albiflora (Rausch) E.Herzog
- Echinopsis aurea var. callochrysea (F.Ritter) J.Ullmann
- Echinopsis fallax var. callochrysea (F.Ritter) J.G.Lamb.
- Hymenorebutia aurea var. callochrysea F.Ritter
- Lobivia aurea var. callochrysea (F.Ritter) Rausch
- Echinopsis aurea var. catamarcensis (F.Ritter) J.Ullmann
- Echinopsis fallax var. catamarcensis (F.Ritter) J.G.Lamb.
- Hymenorebutia aurea var. catamarcensis F.Ritter
- Lobivia aurea var. catamarcensis (F.Ritter) Rausch
- Echinopsis aurea var. cylindrica (Backeb.)
- Echinopsis fallax var. cylindrica (Backeb.) J.G.Lamb.
- Hymenorebutia aurea var. cylindrica (Backeb.) F.Ritter
- Lobivia cylindrica Backeb. in Backeb. & F.M.Knuth
- Pseudoechinopsis cylindrica (Backeb.) W.R.Abraham
- Salpingolobivia cylindrica (Backeb.) Y.Itô
- Echinopsis aurea var. depressicostata (F.Ritter) J.Ullmann
- Echinopsis fallax var. depressicostata (F.Ritter) J.G.Lamb.
- Hymenorebutia aurea var. depressicostata F.Ritter
- Lobivia aurea var. depressicostata (F.Ritter) Rausch
- Echinopsis aurea var. dobeana (Dölz) J.Ullmann
- Cereus huascha var. rubriflorus Speg. non F.A.C.Weber
- Echinopsis dobeana (Dölz) J.G.Lamb.
- Lobivia aurea var. dobeana (Dölz) Rausch
- Lobivia dobeana Dölz
- Echinopsis aurea var. elegans
- Lobivia aurea var. elegans Backeb.
- Pseudoechinopsis aurea f. elegans (Backeb.) W.R.Abraham
- Pseudolobivia aurea var. elegans Backeb.
- Echinopsis aurea subs. fallax (Oehme) M.Lowry
- Echinopsis aurea var. fallax (Oehme) J.Ullmann
- Echinopsis fallax (Oehme) Friedrich
- Lobivia aurea var. fallax (Oehme) Rausch
- Lobivia fallax Oehme
- Lobivia shaferi subs. fallax (Oehme) E.Herzog
- Pseudoechinopsis aurea var. fallax (Oehme) W.R.Abraham
- Pseudolobivia aurea var. fallax (Oehme) Backeb.
- Echinopsis aurea var. grandiflora (Backeb.)
- Lobivia aurea var. grandiflora Backeb.
- Pseudoechinopsis aurea f. grandiflora (Backeb.) W.R.Abraham
- Echinopsis aurea var. lariojensis (F.Ritter) J.Ullmann
- Hymenorebutia aurea var. lariojensis F.Ritter
- Echinopsis aurea f. luteiflora (Backeb.)
- Lobivia shaferi f. luteiflora (Backeb.) E.Herzog
- Pseudolobivia luteiflora Backeb.
- Echinopsis aurea var. mizquiensis
- Echinopsis aurea var. quinesensis Rausch
- Echinopsis quinesensis (Rausch) H.Friedrich & Glaetzle
- Hymenorebutia quinesensis (Rausch) F.Ritter
- Lobivia aurea var. quinesensis (Rausch) G.D.Rowley
- Lobivia shaferi var. quinesensis (Rausch) E.Herzog
- Pseudoechinopsis aurea var. quinesensis (Rausch) W.R.Abraham
- Echinopsis aurea var. rubriflora (E.Herzog)
- Lobivia shaferi var. rubriflora E.Herzog
- Echinopsis aurea subs. shaferi (Britton & Rose) M.Lowry
- Echinopsis aurea var. shaferi (Britton & Rose) Rausch
- Echinopsis fallax var. shaferi (Britton & Rose) Lamb.
- Echinopsis shaferi Britton & Rose
- Lobivia aurea var. shaferi (Britton & Rose) Rausch
- Lobivia shaferi Britton & Rose
- Pseudoechinopsis aurea var. shaferi (Britton & Rose) W.R.Abraham
- Salpingolobivia shaferi (Britton & Rose) Y.Itô
- Echinopsis aurea subs. shaferi f. monstruosa cristata hort.
- Echinopsis aurea subs. shaferi f. monstruosa hort.
- Echinopsis aurea var. sierragrandensis (Rausch) J.G.Lamb.
- Echinopsis aurea var. tortuosa (Rausch) J.Ullmann
- Echinopsis fallax var. tortuosa (Rausch) J.G.Lamb.
- Lobivia aurea var. tortuosa Rausch
- Echinopsis cylindracea (Backeb.) Friedrich
- Lobivia cylindracea Backeb.
- Lobivia shaferi f. cylindracea (Backeb.) E.Herzog
- Echinopsis leucomalla (Wessner) Friedrich
- Echinopsis densispina f. leucomalla (Wessner) Buining
- Hymenorebutia leucomalla (Wessner) Buining
- Lobivia aurea var. leucomalla (Wessner) Rausch
- Lobivia densispina f. leucomalla (Wessner) Buining
- Lobivia famatimensis var. leucomalla (Wessner) Backeb.
- Lobivia leucomalla Wessner
- Lobivia leucomalla var. rubispina Wessner
- Lobivia shaferi subs. leucomalla (Wessner) E.Herzog
- Pseudoechinopsis aurea var. leucomalla (Wessner) W.R.Abraham
ENGLISH: Cob Cactus
Description: Echinopsis leucomallaSN|10643]]SN|10653]] a.k.a. “Cob Cactus” is one of the geographical forms of the very variable Echinopsis aureaSN|10643]]SN|10643]] (= Lobivia aureaSN|10646]]SN|10646]]) with compact stems closely covered with white spines, and huge pale lemon yellow flowers. However it look very similar to other varieties of Echinopsis aureaSN|10653]]SN|10643]] which are linked one to each others by populations of plants with intermediate characteristics. Nowadays all them are thought to belong to a unique polymorphic species with some individual covered in fine white hairs spine, while others do not. Such variations has led to establishment of several unnecessary names for this species.
Habit: Solitary or with several basal and lateral offshoots.
Stems: Dark green globular or elongated reaching a height of 15 cm and a diameter of 5-6 cm or more.
Ribs: 14 to 15 sharp-edged separated by deep grooves.
Areoles: Whitish or brownish on young plants, closely set and oval.
Spines: The central spines are long and brown while the numerous radial spines are white and hair-like.
Flowers: Very showy, nearly 10 cm long an up to 7 cm across, lemon yellow and bright yellow inside. Buds are covered by long silky hairs and grow laterally from the centre of the stem. The tube is greenish white, slightly curved, funnel-shaped, slender with pale green scales often red at the base, with abundant white and black hairs.
Blooming season: It flowers in mid spring on into summer. Sometimes it blooms profusely, especially on older plants.
Subspecies, varieties, forms and cultivars of plants belonging to the Echinopsis aurea group
- Echinopsis aurea Britton & Rose: has large showy yellow flowers. Stem solitary or with many basal and lateral offshoots.This species has a wide range and shows a great variability. Distibution: Northern Argentina and Southern Bolivia.
- Echinopsis aurea var. albiflora (Rausch) J.Ullmann: has pure white flowers.
- Echinopsis aurea var. dobeana (Dölz) J.Ullmann: has red flowers. Distribution: Sierra Ancasti, Catamarca, Argentina.
- Echinopsis aurea subs. fallax (Oehme) M.Lowry: has globular stems with long, stout, sharp spines and produces large yellow flowers. Distibution: widespread in northern Argentina.
- Echinopsis aurea var. mizquiensis: has compact stems closely covered with fine reddish-brown spines, and huge pale yellow flowers. Distribution: Mizque, dept. Cochabamba, Bolivia.
- Echinopsis aurea subs. shaferi (Britton & Rose) M.Lowry: has clusterd stems with many basal and lateral offshoots. It is very spiny and produces large pale yellow flowers. Distibution: Mizque, dept. Cochabamba. Bolivia.
- Echinopsis aurea subs. shaferi f. monstruosa cristata hort.: it is the crested form of Echinopsis aurea subs. shaferi f. monstruosa, it may produce yellow mostrous flowers too. .
- Echinopsis aurea subs. shaferi f. monstruosa hort.: it is an almost spineless clustering plant with ovoidal growth habit that branches profusely and can slowly grow up to 30 cm tall.
- Echinopsis aurea var. sierragrandensis (Rausch) J.G.Lamb.: has long thin spines and large golden yellow blooms. Distribution: Sierra Grande de Cordoba, Cordoba, Northern Argentina.
- Echinopsis leucomalla (Wessner) Friedrich: has compact stems closely covered with fine white spines, and huge pale lemon yellow flowers. Distribution: San Luis and Catamarca, Argentina.
Bibliography: Major references and further lectures
1) Walther Haage “Cacti as House Plants” Studio Vista, 1965
2) Edward Anderson “The Cactus family” Timber Press, Incorporated, 2001
3) James Cullen, Sabina G. Knees, H. Suzanne Cubey "The European Garden Flora Flowering Plants: A Manual for the Identification of Plants Cultivated in Europe, Both Out-of-Doors and Under Glass" Cambridge University Press, 11/Aug/2011
4) David R Hunt; Nigel P Taylor; Graham Charles; International Cactaceae Systematics Group. "The New Cactus Lexicon" dh books, 2006
5) N. L. Britton, J. N. Rose “The Cactaceae. Descriptions and Illustrations of Plants of the Cactus Family.” Volume 4, The Carnegie Institution of Washington, Washington 1923,
6) Curt Backeberg: “Die Cactaceae: Handbuch der Kakteenkunde” Volume V, Gustav Fischer Verlag, Stuttgart New York 1982–1985.
Lobivia leucomalla var. rubispina (Echinopsis leucomalla) Photo by: Valentino Vallicelli
Lobivia leucomalla var. rubispina (Echinopsis leucomalla) Photo by: Valentino Vallicelli
Cultivation and Propagation: Echinopsis sierragrandensis is one of the more common cacti ,extremely resistant to neglect. Nevertheless, it is appropriate to provide adequate growing conditions in order to obtain abundant blooms.
Growth rate: It is a relatively rapidly growing species that will make large clumps given the best conditions.
Soils: As most Echinopsis cultivated for their blossom, it needs a soil mixture a little richer than the average cactus with still an excellent drainage. Prefer a low pH compost, avoid substrata too rich in limestone.
Repotting: This plant needs plenty of space for its roots, repotting should be done every other year or when the it has outgrown its pot. It is rot prone and should be planted in a shallow pot. Use pot with good drainage.
Watering: Needs moderate to copious waterings in summer (it is more demanding than other cactus), but do not overwater, keep dry in winter at a minimum temperature of 0°C.
Fertilization: Feed with a high potassium fertilizer in summer.
Hardiness: It is quite frost resistant if kept dry and hardy to -5° C to -18° C or less for short periods (depending on varieties and growing conditions). However warmth throughout the year will increase the grower's success (minimum 5° C during rest season).
Exposition: The plant tolerates bright situations which encourages flowering and heavy spine production, but is likely to suffer from sun scorch or stunted growth if over exposed to direct sunlight during the hottest part of the day in summer. It grows well with filtered sunlight or afternoon shade.
Uses: It is an excellent plant for container growing. It look fine in a cold greenhouse and frame or outdoor in a rockery. It is also used as a rootstock for grafting delicate and slow growing cactus species.
Pests & diseases: It may be attractive to a variety of insects, but plants in good condition should be nearly pest-free, particularly if they are grown in a mineral potting-mix, with good exposure and ventilation. Nonetheless, there are several pests to watch for:
- Red spiders: Red spiders may be effectively rubbed up by watering the plants from above.
- Mealy bugs: Mealy bugs occasionally develop aerial into the new growth among the wool with disfiguring results, but the worst types develop underground on the roots and are invisible except by their effects.
- Scales: Scales are rarely a problem.
- Rot: This species is particularly easy and accommodating, seldom suffer of cryptogamic diseases. Rot it is only a minor problem with Echinopsis if the plants are watered and “aired” correctly.
Propagation: Direct sow after last frost, offsets (if available) . Seeds germinate in 7-14 days at 21-27° C in spring, remove gradually the glass cover as soon the plants will be well rooted (ca 1-2 weeks) and keep ventilated, no full sun for young plants! To make a cutting twist off a branch and permit it to dry out a couple of weeks, lay it on the soil and insert the stem end partially into the soil. Try to keep the cutting somewhat upright so that the roots are able to grow downward.
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