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Cactaceae (Berlin) 1937(1): Blatt 27. [25 Mai 1937] et: Jahrb. Deutsch. Kakteen-Ges. 1937, 1st Teil, 27.
Family: CACTACEAE
(if not overwatered) has a body that is essentially disc-shaped and flat on top, but that also has prominent tubercles rising above the general level of the plant body.
Origin and Habitat: Turbinicarpus schmiedickeanusSN|12648]]SN|12648]] (including the subspecies) is found over a wide area from many localities in the States of Nuevo León, San Luis Potosí and western Tamaulipas, Mexico. The subsp. schmiedickeanus is found in Tamaulipas, Nuevo Leon and San Luis Potosi, Mexico.
Altitude: 1500-1800 metres above sea level.
Habitat and Ecology: This cactus grows in xerophytic shrubland (Chihuahuan Desert) among calcareous rocks, often in rock cracks or in the shade of Hechtia spp. together with Leuchtenbergia principisSN|12924]]SN|12924]] and Pelecyphora strobiliformisSN|1545]]SN|1545]]. Illegal collecting is the major threat, and overgrazing and subsequent erosion poses a lesser threat.
Synonyms:
- Turbinicarpus schmiedickeanus (Boed.) Buxb. & Backeb.
- Echinocactus schmiedickeanus Boed.
- Neolloydia schmiedickeana (Boed.) E.F.Anderson
- Pediocactus schmiedickeanus (Boed.) Halda
- Strombocactus schmiedickeanus (Boed.) J.West
- Toumeya schmiedickeana (Boed.) W.T.Marshall
Turbinicarpus schmiedickeanus (Boed.) Buxb. & Backeb.
Cactaceae (Berlin) 1937(1): Blatt 27. [25 Mai 1937] et: Jahrb. Deutsch. Kakteen-Ges. 1937, 1st Teil, 27.
Synonymy: 11
- Turbinicarpus schmiedickeanus (Boed.) Buxb. & Backeb.
- Echinocactus schmiedickeanus Boed.
- Neolloydia schmiedickeana (Boed.) E.F.Anderson
- Pediocactus schmiedickeanus (Boed.) Halda
- Strombocactus schmiedickeanus (Boed.) J.West
- Toumeya schmiedickeana (Boed.) W.T.Marshall
- Turbinicarpus schmiedickeanus var. alenae Halda & Kupčák
- Turbinicarpus schmiedickeanus f. aurata hort.
- Turbinicarpus schmiedickeanus f. cristatus hort.
- Turbinicarpus sp. Santa Rita n.n.
Turbinicarpus schmiedickeanus subs. andersonii Mosco & Zanov.
Cactaceae Consensus Init. 7: 18. 1999
Synonymy: 5
- Turbinicarpus schmiedickeanus subs. andersonii Mosco & Zanov.
- Turbinicarpus andersonii (Mosco & Zanov.) D.Donati
- Turbinicarpus macrochele subs. andersonii (Mosco & Zanov.) Doweld
- Turbinicarpus schmiedickeanus subs. panarottoi (Říha) Lüthy
- Turbinicarpus schmiedickeanus var. panarottoi Říha
Turbinicarpus schmiedickeanus subs. bonatzii (G.Frank) Panar.
Piante Grasse 18(3): 120. 1999 [1998 publ. 1999]
Synonymy: 3
- Turbinicarpus schmiedickeanus subs. bonatzii (G.Frank) Panar.
- Pediocactus bonatzii (G.Frank) Halda
- Turbinicarpus bonatzii G.Frank
Turbinicarpus schmiedickeanus subs. dickisoniae (Glass & R.A.Foster) N.P.Taylor
Cactaceae Consensus Init. 5: 14. 1998
Synonymy: 6
- Turbinicarpus schmiedickeanus subs. dickisoniae (Glass & R.A.Foster) N.P.Taylor
- Neolloydia schmiedickeana var. dickisoniae (Glass & R.A.Foster) E.F.Anderson
- Pediocactus schmiedickeanus var. dickisoniae (Glass & R.A.Foster) Halda
- Turbinicarpus dickisoniae Glass & A.Hofer in Glass
- Turbinicarpus gracilis subs. dickisoniae (Glass & R.A.Foster) Panar.
- Turbinicarpus schmiedickeanus var. dickisoniae Glass & R.A.Foster
Turbinicarpus schmiedickeanus subs. flaviflorus (G.Frank & A.B.Lau) Glass
Guía Identif. Cact. Amenazadas México 1: Tu/sch ssp. flaviflorus (1998 publ. 1997)
Synonymy: 7
- Turbinicarpus schmiedickeanus subs. flaviflorus (G.Frank & A.B.Lau) Glass
- Neolloydia schmiedickeana var. flaviflora (G.Frank & A.B.Lau) E.F.Anderson
- Pediocactus schmiedickeanus var. flaviflorus (G.Frank & A.B.Lau) Halda
- Turbinicarpus flaviflorus G.Frank & A.B.Lau
- Turbinicarpus macrochele subs. flaviflorus (G.Frank & A.B.Lau) Doweld
- Turbinicarpus schmiedickeana var. flaviflora (G.Frank & A.B.Lau) E.F.Anderson
- Turbinicarpus schmiedickeanus var. flaviflorus (G.Frank & A.B.Lau) Glass & R.A.Foster
Turbinicarpus schmiedickeanus subs. flaviflorus f. brevispinus
Synonymy: 5
- Turbinicarpus schmiedickeanus subs. flaviflorus f. brevispinus
- Turbinicarpus flaviflorus f. brevispinus
- Turbinicarpus flaviflorus forma brevispina hort.
- Turbinicarpus flaviflorus forma inermis hort.
- Turbinicarpus flaviflorus f. inermis
Turbinicarpus schmiedickeanus subs. gracilis (Glass & R.A.Foster) Glass
Guía Identif. Cact. Amenazadas México 1: Tu/sch ssp. gracilis (1998 publ. 1997)
Synonymy: 5
- Turbinicarpus schmiedickeanus subs. gracilis (Glass & R.A.Foster) Glass
- Neolloydia schmiedickeana var. gracilis (Glass & R.A.Foster) E.F.Anderson
- Pediocactus schmiedickeanus var. gracilis (Glass & R.A.Foster) Halda
- Turbinicarpus gracilis Glass & R.A.Foster
- Turbinicarpus schmiedickeanus var. gracilis (Glass & R.A.Foster) Glass & R.A.Foster
Turbinicarpus schmiedickeanus subs. gracilis f. cristatus hort.
"forma cristata"
Synonymy: 3 Accepted name in llifle Database:
Turbinicarpus schmiedickeanus subs. klinkerianus (Backeb. & H.Jacobsen) N.P.Taylor
Cactaceae Consensus Init. 5: 14. 1998 - Remarks: Panarotto (in Piante Grasse, 18(3): 120. 1998 (1999)) also published this comb. nov. (isonym)
Synonymy: 22
- Turbinicarpus schmiedickeanus subs. klinkerianus (Backeb. & H.Jacobsen) N.P.Taylor
- Neolloydia schmiedickeana var. klinkeriana (Backeb. & H.Jacobsen) E.F.Anderson
- Pediocactus schmiedickeanus var. klinkerianus (Backeb. & H.Jacobsen) Halda
- Strombocactus klinkerianus (Backeb. & H.Jacobsen) Buining
- Strombocactus schmiedickeanus var. klinkerianus (Backeb. & H.Jacobsen) G.D.Rowley
- Toumeya klinkeriana (Backeb. & H.Jacobsen) Bravo & W.T.Marshall
- Toumeya schmiedickeana var. klinkeriana (Backeb. & H.Jacobsen) Krainz
- Toumeya schmiedickeanus var. klinkerianus (Backeb. & H.Jacobsen) Glass & R.A.Foster
- Turbinicarpus klinkerianus Backeb. & H.Jacobsen
- Turbinicarpus macrochele subs. klinkerianus (Backeb. & H.Jacobsen) Doweld
- Turbinicarpus schmiedickeanus var. klinkerianus (Backeb. & H.Jacobsen) Glass & R.A.Foster
- Turbinicarpus klinkerianus subs. hiemalis D.Donati & Zanov.
- Turbinicarpus klinkerianus subs. planiziei D.Donati & Zanov.
- Turbinicarpus schmiedickeanus subs. klinkerianus f. aurata hort.
- Turbinicarpus schmiedickeanus subs. klinkerianus var. lilnkeuiduus
- Turbinicarpus schmiedickeanus subs. klinkerianus f. pachystele
- Turbinicarpus sp. Negrita
Turbinicarpus schmiedickeanus subs. klinkerianus f. cristatus hort.
Accepted name in llifle Database:
Turbinicarpus schmiedickeanus var. kupcakii (Halda & Horáček) Halda & Horáček
Acta Mus. Richnov., Sect. Nat. 9(1): 78. 2002
Synonymy: 2
- Turbinicarpus schmiedickeanus var. kupcakii (Halda & Horáček) Halda & Horáček
- Turbinicarpus macrochele subs. kupcakii Halda & Horáček
Turbinicarpus schmiedickeanus subs. macrochele (Werderm.) N.P.Taylor
Cactaceae Consensus Init. 5: 14. 1998 [see also: Panar.
Synonymy: 12
- Turbinicarpus schmiedickeanus subs. macrochele (Werderm.) N.P.Taylor
- Echinocactus macrochele Werderm.
- Neolloydia schmiedickeana var. macrochele (Werderm.) E.F.Anderson
- Pediocactus schmiedickeanus var. macrochele (Werderm.) Halda
- Strombocactus macrochele (Werderm.) Backeb.
- Toumeya macrochele (Werderm.) W.T.Marshall
- Turbinicarpus macrochele (Werderm.) Buxb. & Backeb.
- Turbinicarpus schmiedickeanus var. macrochele (Werderm.) Glass & R.A.Foster
- Turbinicarpus macrochele subs. frailensis P.Lechner & Jantschgi
- Turbinicarpus macrochele subs. valteri D.Donati & Zanov.
- Turbinicarpus schmiedickeanus subs. macrochele f. cristatus hort.
Turbinicarpus schmiedickeanus var. polaskii (Backeb.) M.Zachar, Stanik, Lux & Dráb
Rod Turbinicarpus (Genus Turbinicarpus) 47 (1996), basionym not validly publ.
Synonymy: 9
- Turbinicarpus schmiedickeanus var. polaskii (Backeb.) M.Zachar, Stanik, Lux & Dráb
- Strombocactus polaskii (Backeb.) T.Hewitt
- Toumeya macrochele f. polaskii (Backeb.) Kladiwa
- Toumeya schwarzii var. polaskii (Backeb.) Kladiwa
- Turbinicarpus macrochele subs. polaskii (P.Lechner & Jantschgi) D.Donati
- Turbinicarpus macrochele var. polaskii P.Lechner & Jantschgi
- Turbinicarpus polaskii Backeb.
- Turbinicarpus schmiedickeanus var. polaskii f. variegatus hort.
Turbinicarpus schmiedickeanus subs. schwarzii (Shurly) N.P.Taylor
Cactaceae Consensus Init. 5: 14. 1998
Synonymy: 15
- Turbinicarpus schmiedickeanus subs. schwarzii (Shurly) N.P.Taylor
- Neolloydia schmiedickeana var. schwarzii (Shurly) E.F.Anderson
- Pediocactus schmiedickeanus var. schwarzii (Shurly) Halda
- Strombocactus schwarzii Shurly
- Thelocactus macrochele var. schwarzii (Shurly) Kladiwa
- Turbinicarpus klinkerianus subs. schwarzii (Shurly) D.Donati
- Turbinicarpus macrochele subs. schwarzii (Shurly) Doweld
- Turbinicarpus schmiedickeanus var. schwarzii (Shurly) Glass & R.A.Foster
- Turbinicarpus schmiedickeanus f. schwarzii (Shurly) Panar.
- Turbinicarpus schwarzii (Shurly) Backeb.
- Turbinicarpus ellisiae Halda, Kupčák & Panar.
- Turbinicarpus schmiedickeanus subs. rubriflorus (G.Frank) Panar.
- Pediocactus schmiedickeanus var. rubriflorus (G.Frank) Halda
- Turbinicarpus schmiedickeanus var. rubriflorus (G.Frank) M.Zachar
- Turbinicarpus schwarzii var. rubriflorus G.Frank
SPANISH (Español): Biznaugita, Uñita
Description: Turbinicarpus schmiedickeanusSN|12648]]SN|12648]] (subsp. schmiedickeanus) is a tiny cactus species that grows almost completely buried in the ground.
Habit: It is solitary or slowly clumping, dichotomy also observed.
Stems: Globular more or less depressed, 30-50 mm high, 35-40 mm wide, green, apex with some white wool.
Ribs: completely divided into tubercles that are more or less well-rounded to square to almost short ,conical, 5 mm broad at the base, up to 7 mm long and pointing upwards, arranged in flat spirals.
Root: Taproot.
Areoles: On the tip of the tubercle, with a little wool, soon becoming bare.
Spines: 3 (more rarely 4) the lower one longer, up to 2,5 cm, the 2 side spines approximately 1/3 as short and the upper, very often missing, still shorter, flattened below, curved towards the apex and often contorted, grey, corky, rather soft, with transverse fissures. The spines are persistent only on the upper body; below they fall off, and the body and tubercles are corky and bare.
Flowers: Apical funnel shaped, whitish to pinkish, outside with darker midribs 14-25 mm wide. This plant is capable of blooming when it is little larger than 1 cm Ø.
Note: Twelve controversial subspecies are recognized: bonatzii (Gerhart Frank) Panar., dickisoniae (Glass & R.A.Foster) N.P.Taylor, flaviflorus (Gerhart Frank & A.B Lau) Glass, gracilis (Glass & R.A.Foster) Glass, jauernigii(Gerhart Frank) D.R.Hunt, klinkerianus (Backeb. & H.Jacobsen) N.P.Taylor, macrochele (Werderm.) N.P. Taylor, rioverdensis (Gerhart Frank) Lüthy, rubriflorus (Gerhart Frank) Panar., schmiedickeanus (Boed.) Rauh & Backeb. and schwarzii (Shurly) N.P.Taylor. But some hobbyists continue to place it in the genus Gymnocactus.
Subspecies, varieties, forms and cultivars of plants belonging to the Turbinicarpus schmiedickeanus group
Turbinicarpus klinkerianus subs. hiemalis D.Donati & Zanov.: It flowers in winter, hence the scientific name "Hiemalis" (Belonging to winter)- Turbinicarpus macrochele subs. frailensis P.Lechner & Jantschgi: as fewer stigma lobes (3-6) white to yellowish-white, 2-3.5 mm long, straight, and only weakly papillose. Distribution: W to S-W of Matehuala, San Luis Potosi, México.
- Turbinicarpus macrochele subs. valteri D.Donati & Zanov.
- Turbinicarpus rioverdensis G.Frank: It comes from Rioverde, hence the scientific name "rioverdensis"
- Turbinicarpus rioverdensis subs. paoloi Halda & Kupčák: This is a form with long spines referable to T. schmiedickeanus ssp. schwarzii
- Turbinicarpus schmiedickeanus (Boed.) Buxb. & Backeb.: (ssp. schmiedickeanus) Stem disc-shaped, dull green and flat on top, twisted spines, and white to magenta flowers. Distribution: Miquihuana, Tamaulipas.
- Turbinicarpus schmiedickeanus var. alenae Halda & Kupčák
- Turbinicarpus schmiedickeanus subs. andersonii Mosco & Zanov.: stem partly underground with pyramidal tubercles. Spines only 1-2. Flowers magenta and white in winter. Distribution: east of El Huizache, SLP, Mexico.
- Turbinicarpus schmiedickeanus f. aurata hort.: Mutant completely lacking chlorophyll pigment. The result is a completely cream-white, yellow or reddish plant.
- Turbinicarpus schmiedickeanus subs. bonatzii (G.Frank) Panar.: Dark green-bluish, semi-globose, depressed, divided into tubercles, merging in a tuberous root 3-5 cm long, and from it longer fibrous roots develop. It is closely related to Turbinicarpus schmiedickeanus ssp klinkerianus
- Turbinicarpus schmiedickeanus f. cristatus hort.: crested form.
- Turbinicarpus schmiedickeanus subs. dickisoniae (Glass & R.A.Foster) N.P.Taylor: It has gray-green stems. Radials spines: 18-24 finely acicular, rigid white young areoles (areole in old specimens have only central spines that curve slightly inward). No other variety of schmiedickeanus has as many radial spines nor as slender central spines. Distibution: Aramberri, Nuevo Leon.
- Turbinicarpus schmiedickeanus subs. flaviflorus (G.Frank & A.B.Lau) Glass: It has a very distinctive form, described by some as almost pagoda-like with conical tubercles, 4(-6) spines and greenish yellow flowers. Distribution: Santa Rita, San Luis Potosi.
- Turbinicarpus schmiedickeanus subs. flaviflorus f. brevispinus: it has very short corky brownish spines that contrast well with the body which is coated in a whitish bloom.
- Turbinicarpus schmiedickeanus subs. gracilis (Glass & R.A.Foster) Glass: Stem with nearly round, slender tubercles, one thin, slender papery central spine, and white flowers; Distribution: Aramberri, Nuevo Leon.
- Turbinicarpus schmiedickeanus subs. gracilis f. cristatus hort.
- Turbinicarpus schmiedickeanus subs. klinkerianus (Backeb. & H.Jacobsen) N.P.Taylor: Disk-shaped stems with tapering pyramidal tubercles, with a total of 3 spines with only one persisting, and white flowers with magenta midribs. Distribution: El Huizache, San Luis Potosi.
- Turbinicarpus schmiedickeanus subs. klinkerianus f. aurata hort.: Mutant completely lacking chlorophyll pigment. The result is a completely cream-white or yellow plant.
- Turbinicarpus schmiedickeanus subs. klinkerianus f. cristatus hort.: crested form.
- Turbinicarpus schmiedickeanus subs. klinkerianus var. lilnkeuiduus: pretty much the same as Turbinicarpus schmiedickeanus subs. klinkerianus and not readily distinguishable, if not for the label. Origin: Plants so-named are known only in cultivation.
- Turbinicarpus schmiedickeanus subs. klinkerianus f. pachystele
- Turbinicarpus schmiedickeanus var. kupcakii (Halda & Horáček) Halda & Horáček
- Turbinicarpus schmiedickeanus subs. macrochele (Werderm.) N.P.Taylor: Stem with poorly developed tubercles, 0-4 spines, sometimes as many as 6, and white flowers. Distribution: Matehuala, San Luis Potosi.
- Turbinicarpus schmiedickeanus subs. macrochele f. cristatus hort.: crested form with long twisted spines.
- Turbinicarpus schmiedickeanus var. polaskii (Backeb.) M.Zachar, Stanik, Lux & Dráb: Flattened globose, pale grey-green, olive green or purplish-tan in full sun. Tubercles: Broad, very flattened, 4-angled and 1 to 3 spongy spines. Flowers: White in summer with pinkish stigmas.
- Turbinicarpus schmiedickeanus var. polaskii f. variegatus hort.: The variegated forms show decoloured areas (lacking or with reduced chlorophyll content) that appears cream-yellow to pinkish.
- Turbinicarpus schmiedickeanus subs. rubriflorus (G.Frank) Panar.: Same as ssp. schwarzii but flowers pink to dark magenta midribs.
- Turbinicarpus schmiedickeanus subs. schwarzii (Shurly) N.P.Taylor: Plant with pale green epidermis, Tubercles: Flattened 4-angled (diamond shaped) broad and stumpy, 1-3 spines with one much longer than the others, and white flowers. Distribution: La Bonita, San Luis Potosi.
- Turbinicarpus sp. Santa Rita n.n.: has bright purple flowers whit margins of tepals pinkish white. Distribution: Santa Rita, San Luis Potosí, Mexico.
- Turbinicarpus sp. Negrita: pretty much the same as Turbinicarpus schmiedickeanus subs. klinkerianus and not readily distinguishable, if not for the provenance. Distribution: La Negrita, San Luis Potosi, Mexico.
Bibliography: Major references and further lectures
1) Edward Anderson “The Cactus family” Timber Press, Incorporated, 2001
2) James Cullen, Sabina G. Knees, H. Suzanne Cubey "The European Garden Flora Flowering Plants: A Manual for the Identification of Plants Cultivated in Europe, Both Out-of-Doors and Under Glass" Cambridge University Press, 11/Aug/2011
3) David R Hunt; Nigel P Taylor; Graham Charles; International Cactaceae Systematics Group. "The New Cactus Lexicon" dh books, 2006
4) Davide Donati, Carlo Zanovello “Conoscere, capire, coltivare i Turbinicarpus-Rapicactus” Cactus Trentino Sudtirol, 2004
5) Fitz Maurice, B, Fitz Maurice, W.A., Sotomayor, M. & Smith, M. 2013. Turbinicarpus schmiedickeanus. In: IUCN 2013. "IUCN Red List of Threatened Species." Version 2013.2. <www.iucnredlist.org>. Downloaded on 25 February 2014.
Turbinicarpus schmiedickeanus Photo by: Carolina González
Turbinicarpus schmiedickeanus Photo by: Valentino Vallicelli
Turbinicarpus schmiedickeanus Photo by: Cactus Art
Turbinicarpus schmiedickeanus Photo by: Cactus Art
Turbinicarpus schmiedickeanus Photo by: Cactus Art
Turbinicarpus schmiedickeanus Photo by: Carolina González
Turbinicarpus schmiedickeanus Photo by: Cactus Art
An old grafted specimen. Photo by: Valentino Vallicelli
Cultivation and Propagation: It’s a fairly easy and robust species to cultivate, but very slow growing. It needs a very well-drained soil, and requires strong sun to part sun to keep the plant compact and low and to develop a good spinal growth. Waterings should be rather infrequent to keep the plant compact, and avoid its becoming excessively elongated and unnatural in appearance. Furthermore it has a tap root, and watering it properly is often difficult, because it tends to crack open or rot if over-watered. Careful watering away from the body of the plant will allow the areoles to keep their wool. Keep dry in winter, or when night temperatures remain below 10° C. It is hardy to -4°C for a short period. Assure a good ventilation.
Reproduction: From seed, since the plant rarely produces plantlets, or grafted.
by Cactus Art
by Cactus Art
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