Lobivia senilis

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Lobivia senilis (Backeb.) H.P.Kelsey & Dayton
Standard. Pl. Names, ed. 2. 73. 1942
Family: CACTACEAE

= Rebutia senilis Backeb.
Kakteen-Freunde 1: 123 -125, 1932; Werderm. in Fedde, Repert. Sonder-Beih. C. t.103 (1935); Backeb. in Backeb. & F. M. Knuth, Kaktus-ABC, 277, 416 (1935).

Accepted Scientific Name: Rebutia minuscula K.Schum.
Monatsschr. Kakteenk. 5: 102, cum xylogr. 1895

Lobivia senilis (Rebutia senilis) Photo by: Prof. Ilham Alakbarov
A yellow flowering specimen.

Origin and Habitat: All varieties and forms referred ofRebutia senilisSN|15395]]SN|15395]] come from Argentina, Salta Province, especially from the higher parts of the Quebrada de Escoipe and adjacent areas.

Synonyms:

Rebutia senilis Backeb.

Lobivia senilis (Backeb.) H.P.Kelsey & Dayton
Rebutia minuscula var. senilis (Backeb.) Simon
Rebutia senilis subs. senilis Donald
Rebutia senilis var. senilis Šída

See all synonyms of Rebutia minuscula

Common Names include:
ENGLISH: Fire crown, Crown Cactus, Fire-crown Cactus

Description: Rebutia senilisSN|15391]]SN|15395]] is a popular form of the very variable Rebutia minusculaSN|15395]]SN|15391]] distinguished by longer, bristly, glassy, white spines and very showy, large flowers, usually orange or crimson, but also white, red, and yellow which project up and outward from the lower sides of the plant. A similar colour range is found in other species of the genus, making it particularly attractive. It was named by its general appearance, “senilis” is senile (old), which refers to the white colour of the spines that largely covers the stems. It is self-fertile and blooms generously.
Remarks: The size and number of spines is greatly influenced by the conditions of culture, at lower light levels the spines are less numerous, delicate and whitish, while with strong solar radiation the spines are stronger. In some cases differences are referable to separate population, but often occurred over a long period of cultivation due to autogamy. Many such variants, including kesselringiana with yellow flowers and lilacino-rosea with lilac flowers have been described as species in the past as variety and forms, but often this “variety” are the result of confusion and misidentification.
Habit: It is a small solitary or mound-forming cactus. It grows quite close to the ground and offsets only with age. It would appear that in cultivation they grow larger and cluster more vigorously than in habitat. It is a prolific bloomer.
Roots: Fibrous.
Stems:Stem globular, depressed, bright green, about 7 cm. high and the same across, with spirally arranged tubercles and densely covered by spines.
Ribs: Spiralled with tubercles, approximate, in spiralled arrangement.
Tubercles: Distinct low, rounded 2-3 mm tall.
Areoles: Very small (1-2 mm Ø) on top of tubercles, circular to slightly elliptical, covered with abundant, long persisting, white wool, later bare.
Spines: 30 to 40 bristly, ristle-like, translucent, glassy white, erect or spreading, hardly distinguishable as radials or centrals, 5-30 mm long.
Flowers: Flowers grow in profusion from the older areoles on the bottom half of the stem, often at the stem bases. Funnel-form, usually orange or crimson (but also white, red, and yellow), to 4 cm long about 3,5 cm wide. Ovary spherical, 3-4 mm wide, yellow-orange, covered with triangular, completely bare reddish-brown scales; floral tube funnel-shaped, 3-4 mm in diameter at the base, 10 mm wide at the top, whitish inside, outside light reddish, covered with longer, brownish pink, bare scales, tepals narrowly lanceolate, tapering to a long point, 18-25 mm long; filaments pale yellow, 8-12 mm long, whith yellow anthers, pistil and stigma whitish, stigmas lobes thread-like stretching across the highest anthers.
Blooming season: The flowers appear in spring.
Fruits: Globose, red, about 5-8 mm in diameter, yellowish-red, covered with bare, olive-brown scales, with a thin drying skin.
Seeds: Oblong, glossy black 1,2 mm long and 0,8 mm wide, testa shiny, slightly bumpy; hilum white.

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Subspecies, varieties, forms and cultivars of plants belonging to the Rebutia minuscula group

Rebutia chrysacantha Backeb.: This name is applied to plants with stiffer spines, yellowish with brown tips, and with reddish-orange flowers.
Rebutia chrysacantha var. elegans (Backeb.) Backeb.: has stiff whitish spines and reddish-orange flowers. The name is derived from the overall appearance of the variety, with elegant, neat, spines spirally arranged.
Rebutia grandiflora Backeb.
Rebutia minuscula K.Schum.: is a small clumping cactus species, widespread and extremely variable. Flowers orange-red to violet. Distribution: northern Argentina (Catamarca, Jujuy, Salta and Tucumán)
Rebutia minuscula subs. edeltraudianae n.n.: has yellow-orange flowers (= Rebutia xanthocarpa). Distribution: Sierra Medina, Tucuman, Argentina.
Rebutia minuscula f. kariusiana (Wessner) Donald: has pink-violet flowers and shows transitional characters between Rebutia minuscula subs. violaciflora and Rebutia wessneriana subs. beryllioides.
Rebutia senilis Backeb.: has bristly, glassy, white spines up to 30 mm long that largely covers the stems and very showy orange or crimson blooms. Distribution: Salta, Argentina.
Rebutia senilis var. iseliniana Krainz: has bright orange or orange-red (occasionally yellow) flowers and thinner spines, sometimes pure white, often with a yellowish cast.
Rebutia senilis var. lilacino-rosea Backeb.: has pink-violet flowers that distinguishes it from other varieties of Rebutia senilis.
Rebutia violaciflora Backeb.: has light-violet blossoms in the early spring. It is a selected colour strain.
Rebutia violaciflora var. albispina hort.: has pink-violet flowers and glassy-white spines intermediate between the short, spines of Rebutia minuscula and the long spines of Rebutia senilis.
Rebutia violaciflora var. carminea (Buining) Donald
Rebutia xanthocarpa var. graciliflora Backeb. ex Šída

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Bibliography: Major references and further lectures
1) Edward Anderson “The Cactus family” Timber Press, Incorporated, 2001
2) James Cullen, Sabina G. Knees, H. Suzanne Cubey "The European Garden Flora Flowering Plants: A Manual for the Identification of Plants Cultivated in Europe, Both Out-of-Doors and Under Glass" Cambridge University Press, 11/Aug/2011
3) David R Hunt; Nigel P Taylor; Graham Charles; International Cactaceae Systematics Group. "The New Cactus Lexicon" dh books, 200
4) Bill Sheat, Gerald Schofield “Complete Gardening in Southern Africa” Struik, 1995
5) Backeberg, Curt "Die Cactaceae" 3: 1545, 1959
6) Backeberg, Curt "Das Kakteenlexikon" p. 385, 1966
7) Backeberg, Curt; Knuth, Frederic Marcus. "Kaktus-ABC" p. 277, 1936
8) Donald, John Donald; "The Classification of the Rebutias" Ashingtonia, 2: 51, 1975
9) Hlinecký, Antonín; "Rod Rebutia K. Schumann" Fričiana, 5/36: 10, 1965
10) John Pilbeam “Rebutia” Cirio Pub. Services, 01/mag/1997
11) Šída, Otakar; "Rod Rebutia" , p. 36, 1997
12) Veverka, Miroslav; "Atlas kaktusů" tab. 36, 1993

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Cultivation and Propagation: Rebutia senilisSN|15395]]SN|15395]] is a free-flowering and easy plant to grow.
Exposition: Full sun to light shade.
Watering: Water regularly in summer but do not over-water. Keep dry in winter. Hardy down to -4°C.
Growing tips: It is better that they be repotted regularly. Repotting will increase the number and size of stems, and will increase the number of flowers produced. Repot yearly until it reaches about 100 mm in size, then every two or three years will suffice. Repotting is best done at the end of winter, but it can be done at other time, too. Do not water for a couple of weeks after repotting, in order to reduce risk of root rot via broken roots.
Propagation: Offsets, seeds.

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