Echinocactus acuatus var. corynodes

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Since 4 Aug 2013

Echinocactus acuatus var. corynodes (Otto ex Pfeiff.) Speg.
Anales Mus. Nac. Buenos Aires ser. 3, 4: 494. 1905
Family: CACTACEAE

= Wigginsia corynodes (Otto ex Pfeiff.) D.M.Porter
Taxon xiii. 211 (1964)

Accepted Scientific Name: Parodia sellowii (Link & Otto) D.R.Hunt
Cactaceae Consensus Init. 4: 6. 1997 [Oct 1997]

Origin and Habitat: Southern Brazil, Uruguay and Argentina.

Synonyms:

Wigginsia corynodes (Otto ex Pfeiff.) D.M.Porter

Echinocactus acuatus var. corynodes (Otto ex Pfeiff.) Speg.
Echinocactus corynodes Otto ex Pfeiff.
Malacocarpus corynodes (Otto ex Pfeiff.) Salm-Dyck
Notocactus acuatus var. corynodes (Otto ex Pfeiff.) Havlíček
Notocactus corynodes (Otto ex Pfeiff.) Krainz
Notocactus erinaceus f. corynodes (Otto ex Pfeiff.) N.Gerloff

See all synonyms of Parodia sellowii

Description: Parodia sellowiiSN|20106]]SN|20106]] var. corynodes best known as Wigginsia corynodesSN|20124]]SN|20124]] is a local or morphological form of the wide ranging and very variable Parodia sellowiiSN|20106]]SN|20106]] distinguished by dark olive-green body, with thirteen to sixteen, deep ribs and clusters of seven to twelve dark-zoned, yellow spines. The differences with other Parodia sellowiiSN|20106]]SN|20106]] are in reality very minimal and most botanist agree on the fact that both should all be included in the Parodia sellowiiSN|20106]]SN|20106]], and the two plants are not readily
Habit: This species is a low growing cactus usually solitary starting out spiny then becoming more woolly.
Stem: Broadly orbicular flattened and growing partly underground, often narrowed at the base, depressed and woolly at the top, dark olive-green, not over 15 cm tall and 10-18 cm broad (but often in cultivation, with age, forms a dark green cylindrical stem up to 22 cm tall).
Ribs: 13-16(-20), vertical, at maturity well marked, acute, deeply notched. Furrows narrow, sharp.
Areoles: Well spaced, woolly, recessed, 15-20 mm in diameter.
Radial spines: 6-9(-12), dark-zoned, yellow, rigid, sturdy, the 3 lower longer and stronger (15 to 18 mm long), initially red, later brownish, all spines darker at the top.
Central spines: One central, erect, subulate, brown, up to 2 cm long slightly heavier but not very different from the the radials, but often the spine clusters may be without centrals.
Flowers: Numerous protruding from the whitish felt at stems apexes, glossy golden-yellow with with outer petals greenish, up to about 5 cm in diameter, and standing near the top. The buds are tightly wrapped by brown wool. Tepals in two rows, linear, denticulate at the tip, translucent, sulfur yellow. Stamens yellow, with white anthers. Stile longer, sulfur yellow. Stigma-lobes 8-12 carmine-red.
Blooming season: They bloom annually from June to September. Flowers opened several days in the sunshine.
Fruits: Oblongish, fleshy sooty-red.

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Subspecies, varieties, forms and cultivars of plants belonging to the Parodia sellowii group

Parodia sellowii (Link & Otto) D.R.Hunt: has flattened stems, about 15 cm Ø producing several yellow flowers together around the woolly stem apex. It is extremely variable. Distribution: Brazil, Uruguay, Colombia and North Argentina.
Wigginsia corynodes (Otto ex Pfeiff.) D.M.Porter: has dark olive-green body, with thirteen to sixteen, deep ribs and clusters of seven to twelve dark-zoned, yellow spines. Distribution: Southern Brazil, Uruguay and Argentina.
Wigginsia fricii (Arechav.) D.M.Porter: has 6-7 radial spines, yellowish or whitish, unequal, curved, pliable, not piercing. Flowers ca. 3 cm long. Distribution: Coast of Uruguay.
Wigginsia leucocarpa (Arechav.) D.M.Porter: has light-colored fruits white or pale pink (never purple). Distribution: Uruguay.
Wigginsia macracantha (Arechav.) D.M.Porter: has somewhat stouter spines and larger flowers. Distribution: Uruguay.
Wigginsia sessiliflora (Hook.) D.M.Porter: has significantly smaller flower (less tha 2.5 cm across). Distribution: Northern Argentina (Sierra Lihuel - Calel, Sierra de Tandil, and Sierra de la Ventana)
Wigginsia vorwerkiana (Werderm. ex Backeb.) D.M.Porter: Distribution: Colombia.

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Bibliography: Major references and further lectures
1) Thomas H. Everett “The New York Botanical Garden Illustrated Encyclopedia of Horticulture” Taylor & Francis, 1982
2) Alfred Byrd Graf “Exotica, series 4 international: pictorial cyclopedia of exotic plants from tropical and near-tropic regions” Roehrs Co. Publishers, 1985
3) Margaret J. Martin, Peter Richard Chapman, Hugh Ambrose Auger “Cacti and their cultivation” Scribner's, 1975
4) Clive Innes “Complete Handbook of Cacti and Succulents” Van Nostrand Reinhold Company, 01/dic/1981
5) Carl Friedrich Förster, Theodor Rümpler “Carl Friedrich Förster's Handbuch der Cacteenkunde” Wöller, 1885
6) Major references and further lectures
7) Tony Mace “Notocactus: a review of the genus incorporating Brasilicactus, Eriocactus and Wigginsia” Editorial Board/National Cactus & Succulent Society, 1975
8) Edward Anderson “The Cactus family” Timber Press, Incorporated, 2001
9) James Cullen, Sabina G. Knees, H. Suzanne Cubey "The European Garden Flora Flowering Plants: A Manual for the Identification of Plants Cultivated in Europe, Both Out-of-Doors and Under Glass" Cambridge University Press, 11/Aug/2011
10) David R Hunt; Nigel P Taylor; Graham Charles; International Cactaceae Systematics Group. "The New Cactus Lexicon" dh books, 2006
11) Urs Eggli, Leonard E. Newton: "Etymological Dictionary of Succulent Plant Names." Springer, Berlin/Heidelberg 2010

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Cultivation and Propagation: Parodia sellowiiSN|20106]]SN|20106]] var. corynodes is an easy to grow tropical cactus that like a warm bright location, but more cold tolerant than most and less fussy regarding soil conditions.
Growth rate: It is a relatively rapidly growing and easily flowering species.
Soils: It prefer a very porous neutral to slightly acidic compost with plenty of extra grit.
Repotting: Use pot with good drainage.
Watering: Water regularly in summer, but do not overwater, keep dry in winter. It rot easily if the substrate is wet and cold, tends to lose its roots in winter. Best if watered with rain water.
Fertilization: Feed it once during the growing season with a fertilizer specifically formulated for cactus and succulents (poor in nitrogen), including all micro nutrients and trace elements diluted to ½ the strength recommended on the label. It thrives in poor soils and need a limited supplies of fertilizer to avoid the plants developing excess vegetation, which is easily attacked by fungal diseases.
Hardiness: Reputedly sensitive to frost , but less so if kept on the dry side prior to, and during, cold weather (hardy to -5° C for short periods). However warmth throughout the year will increase the grower's success (8-12°C during rest season).
Exposition: Outside bright filtered sunlight or afternoon shade, avoid full sun. Inside it needs bright light, and some direct sun. Subject to sunburn if exposed to direct sun for too long. Tends to bronze in strong light, which encourages flowering and heavy wool and spine production.
Uses: It is an excellent plant for container growing. It always looks good and stays small. It look fine in a cold greenhouse and frame or outdoor in a rockery.
Pests & diseases: It may be attractive to a variety of insects, but plants in good condition should be nearly pest-free, particularly if they are grown in a mineral potting-mix, with good exposure and ventilation. Nonetheless, there are several pests to watch for:
- Red spiders: Sensitive to red spider mite. Overhead watering is helpful in controlling mites.
- Mealy bugs: Occasionally mealy bugs they develop aerial into the new growth among the wool with disfiguring results, but the worst types develop underground on the roots and are invisible except by their effects.
- Scales: Scales are rarely a problem.
- Rot: Rot it is only a minor problem with cacti if the plants are watered and “aired” correctly. If they are not, fungicides won't help all that much.
Propagation: Direct sow after last frost. Seeds germinate in 7-14 days at 21-27° C in spring, remove the glass cover gradually as the plants develops and keep ventilated, no full sun for young plants!

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