Coryphantha neovivipara var. arizonica

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Coryphantha neovivipara var. arizonica (Engelm. in W.H.Brewer & S.Watson) Y.Itô
Cactaceae [Itô] 556, specific name not validly publ. 1981
Family: CACTACEAE

= Escobaria vivipara var. arizonica (Engelm.) D.R.Hunt
Cact. Succ. J. Gr. Brit. 40(1): 13 (1978)

Accepted Scientific Name: Escobaria vivipara (Nutt.) Buxb.
Oesterr. Bot. Z. 98: 78. 1951 as vivipera

Coryphantha neovivipara var. arizonica (Escobaria vivipara var. arizonica) Photo by: Valentino Vallicelli
Locality: Flagstaff, Az (MG 410.324) Small stem, red-white spines.

Origin and Habitat: USA (Arizona, New Mexico, Nevada, Utah)
Habitat: Often found in grassy meadows.

Synonyms:

Escobaria vivipara var. arizonica (Engelm.) D.R.Hunt

Coryphantha arizonica (Engelm. in W.H.Brewer & S.Watson) Britton & Rose
Coryphantha neovivipara var. arizonica (Engelm. in W.H.Brewer & S.Watson) Y.Itô
Coryphantha vivipara var. arizonica (Engelm. in W.H.Brewer & S.Watson) W.T.Marshall
Escobaria arizonica (Engelm. in W.H.Brewer & S.Watson) Buxb.
Mammillaria arizonica Engelm. in W.H.Brewer & S.Watson
Mammillaria radiosa var. arizonica (Engelm. in W.H.Brewer & S.Watson) K.Schum.
Mammillaria radiosa f. arizonica (Engelm.) Schelle
Mammillaria vivipara var. arizonica (Engelm. in W.H.Brewer & S.Watson) L.D.Benson

See all synonyms of Escobaria vivipara

Common Names include:
ENGLISH: Arizona Foxtail Cactus, Arizona Spinystar

Description: Escobaria viviparaSN|9953]]SN|9953]] is a small solitary or clumping cactus, some varieties forming colonies of over 200 stems. This species is the most widespread, abundant and variable member of the genus.
Remarks: The Arizonica variety has small low thick stem, usually single, spines are very dense, red-white, dark red or black.

Subspecies, varieties, forms and cultivars of plants belonging to the Escobaria vivipara group

Escobaria vivipara (Nutt.) Buxb.: It is a small solitary or clumping cactus. Some varieties form colonies of over 200 stems. This species is the most widespread, abundant and variable member of the genus. It is densely covered in a mat of star-shaped arrays of spines. Known as far north as Manitoba (Canada)
Escobaria vivipara var. arizonica (Engelm.) D.R.Hunt: (Arizona Spinystar) - it is native to the desert southwest of the United States.
Escobaria vivipara var. bisbeeana (Orcutt) D.R.Hunt: (Bisbee Spinystar) - It is native to Arizona and New Mexico.
Escobaria vivipara var. borealis n.n.: same as Escobaria vivipara var. neomexicana (Engelm.) Buxb. Distribution: New Mexico.
Escobaria vivipara var. buoflama (P.Fischer) N.P.Taylor
Escobaria vivipara var. deserti (Engelm. in W.H.Brewer & S.Watson) W.T.Marshall: has cylindrical stems densely covered with spines. Flowers dirty-greenish-yellow to dull rusty-brown. Distribution: Southern Nevada, eastern California, southwestern Utah, and northwestern Arizona.
Escobaria vivipara var. kaibabensis (P.Fischer) N.P.Taylor: (Kaibab Spinystar) - It is mostly limited to Arizona
Escobaria vivipara var. neomexicana (Engelm.) Buxb. in Krainz: (New Mexico spinystar) - It is native to New Mexico and Texas. Spines nearly always white.
Escobaria vivipara var. radiosa (Engelm.) D.R.Hunt: is native to Texas ( Hood, Wise, Brown, Hamilton, Montague and Young Counties),USA.
Escobaria vivipara var. rosea (Clokey) D.R.Hunt

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Bibliography: Major references and further lectures
1) Edward Anderson “The Cactus family” Timber Press, Incorporated, 2001
2) Terry, M., Heil, K. & Corral-Díaz, R. 2013. Escobaria vivipara. The IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. Version 2015.1. <www.iucnredlist.org>. Downloaded on 13 June 2015.
3) James Cullen, Sabina G. Knees, H. Suzanne Cubey "The European Garden Flora Flowering Plants: A Manual for the Identification of Plants Cultivated in Europe, Both Out-of-Doors and Under Glass" Cambridge University Press, 11/Aug/2011
4) David R Hunt; Nigel P Taylor; Graham Charles; International Cactaceae Systematics Group. "The New Cactus Lexicon" dh books, 2006
5) Castetter, E.F., P. Pierce and K.H. Schwerin. “Reassessment of the genus Escobaria.” Cactus and Succulent Journal (US) 47(2):60-70.1975.
6) Leo J. Chance “Cacti and Succulents for Cold Climates: 274 Outstanding Species for Challenging Conditions” Timber Press, 19/giu/2012
7) N. L. Britton, J. N. Rose “The Cactaceae. Descriptions and Illustrations of Plants of the Cactus Family.” Volume 4, The Carnegie Institution of Washington, Washington 1923
8) Flora of North America Editorial Committee. “Flora of North America, volume 4.” Oxford University Press, New York.2003.

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SB1078 Apache County, Arizona, USA (New spines in Sping) (Escobaria vivipara var. arizonica) Photo by: Cactus Art

SB1078 Apache County, Arizona, USA (New spines in Sping) (Escobaria vivipara var. arizonica) Photo by: Cactus Art

Locality: Flagstaff, Az (MG 410.324) (Escobaria vivipara var. arizonica) Photo by: Cactus Art

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Cultivation and Propagation: It comes from an area of summer rainfall; keep drier in winter (but for outdoors cultivation it is very resistant to wet conditions, too). Needs good drainage. Very cold-resistant, but the frost resistance varies a lot from clone to clone. It can easily be grown outdoors in areas with minimum winter temperatures of -15 -25°. Needs full sun to light shade.
Propagation: Seeds (no dormancy requirement, they germinate best at 25°C) or by offsets (if available), or occasionally grafted.

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